Chemistry Tutoring

9.2.1

Fossil fuel, steam cracking, catalytic cracking, addition polymer, ethylene, polyethylene, LDPE, HDPE, vinyl chloride, PVC, styrene, polystyrene

9.2.2

Biomass, condensation polymer, cellulose, petrochemicals, biopolymers, eg. Polylactic acid – not PLA & chitosan

9.2.3

Bioethanol, ethanol, ethylene, dehydration, fermentation, polar/ non-polar solvents, heats of combustion

9.2.4

Galvanic cell, activities series of metals, oxidation number, oxidation, reduction, anode, cathode, electrode, electrolyte, half cell, salt bridge, lead acid battery, solid state lithium iodine cell, E°

9.2.5

Isotope, radioisotope, transuranic, ionising radiation, alpha, beta, gamma and positron decay, Geiger counter, cloud chamber, Scintillation counter, particle accelerator, cyclotron, nuclear reactor, Cobalt-60, Carbon-11

9.3.2

Acidic oxide, basic oxides, amphoteric oxides, Le Chatelier’s principle, SO2, CO2, NOx, decarbonate, acid rain

9.3.3

pH, ethanoic acid, citric acid, weak acid, strong acid, dilute acid, concentrated acid, degree of ionisation.

9.3.4

Lavoiser, Davy, Arrenhius, Bronsted-Lowry, conjugate pairs, acidic salts, basic salts, neutral salts, amphiprotic, neutralisation, buffers, natural buffer, standard solution, titration

9.3.5

Functional groups, alkanols, alkanoic acids, ester, esters, condensation reaction, esterification, refluxing, catalysis, dehydration

9.4.1

chemistry, collaboration, incomplete combustion, complete combustion

9.4.2

Ammonia, Haber process, rate of reaction, catalyst, chemical monitoring, yield

9.4.3

Ions, AAS, trace elements, flame test, sulfate ion determination

9.4.4

Oxygen, ozone, coordinate covalent bond, troposphere, stratosphere, ODP, CFC, Halon, HCFC, HFC, FIC, haloalkane, isomer, Montreal Protocol

9.4.5

Physical purification of water, chemical purification, sanitise, floculation, eutrophication, algal bloom, phosphate, nitrate, common ions, DO, BOD, turbidity, hardness, TDS, microscopic membrane filter, catchment area, heavy metal pollution

9.5.2

Reversible reaction, equilibrium reaction, equilibrium constant, equilibrium model

9.5.3

Sulfur, sulfuric acid, oxidising agent, dehydrating agent, exothermic reaction, diluting sulfuric acid, contact process, Frasch process, roasting of sulfide ores, direct sulfur recovery process

9.5.4

Electrolytic cell, electrolysis of brine, sodium hydroxide, mercury process, diaphragm process, membrane process

9.5.5

Fats & oils, glycerol, soap, saponification , emulsion, emulsifier, micelle, hard water, cationic detergent, anionic detergent, non-ionic detergent, tallow, coconut oil, palm oil

9.2 The Production of Materials	9.2.1 Fossil fuel, steam cracking, catalytic cracking, addition polymer, ethylene, polyethylene, LDPE, HDPE, vinyl chloride, PVC, styrene, polystyrene	9.2.2 Biomass, condensation polymer, cellulose, petrochemicals, biopolymers, eg. Polylactic acid – not PLA & chitosan	9.2.3 Bioethanol, ethanol, ethylene, dehydration, fermentation, polar/ non-polar solvents, heats of combustion	9.2.4 Galvanic cell, activities series of metals, oxidation number, oxidation, reduction, anode, cathode, electrode, electrolyte, half cell, salt bridge, lead acid battery, solid state lithium iodine cell, E°	9.2.5 Isotope, radioisotope, transuranic, ionising radiation, alpha, beta, gamma and positron decay, Geiger counter, cloud chamber, Scintillation counter, particle accelerator, cyclotron, nuclear reactor, Cobalt-60, Carbon-11
9.3 The Acidic Environment	9.3.1 Indicator, litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, bromothymol blue	9.3.2 Acidic oxide, basic oxides, amphoteric oxides, Le Chatelier’s principle, SO2, CO2, NOx, decarbonate, acid rain	9.3.3 pH, ethanoic acid, citric acid, weak acid, strong acid, dilute acid, concentrated acid, degree of ionisation.	9.3.4 Lavoiser, Davy, Arrenhius, Bronsted-Lowry, conjugate pairs, acidic salts, basic salts, neutral salts, amphiprotic, neutralisation, buffers, natural buffer, standard solution, titration	9.3.5 Functional groups, alkanols, alkanoic acids, ester, esters, condensation reaction, esterification, refluxing, catalysis, dehydration
9.4 Chemical monitoring of the environment	9.4.1 chemistry, collaboration, incomplete combustion, complete combustion	9.4.2 Ammonia, Haber process, rate of reaction, catalyst, chemical monitoring, yield	9.4.3 Ions, AAS, trace elements, flame test, sulfate ion determination	9.4.4 Oxygen, ozone, coordinate covalent bond, troposphere, stratosphere, ODP, CFC, Halon, HCFC, HFC, FIC, haloalkane, isomer, Montreal Protocol	9.4.5 Physical purification of water, chemical purification, sanitise, floculation, eutrophication, algal bloom, phosphate, nitrate, common ions, DO, BOD, turbidity, hardness, TDS, microscopic membrane filter, catchment area, heavy metal pollution
9.5 Industrial Chemistry	9.5.1 Natural non-petroleum resource, tallow, soap, synthetic detergents, foaming, phosphate builders, zeolites	9.5.2 Reversible reaction, equilibrium reaction, equilibrium constant, equilibrium model	9.5.3 Sulfur, sulfuric acid, oxidising agent, dehydrating agent, exothermic reaction, diluting sulfuric acid, contact process, Frasch process, roasting of sulfide ores, direct sulfur recovery process	9.5.4 Electrolytic cell, electrolysis of brine, sodium hydroxide, mercury process, diaphragm process, membrane process	9.5.5 Fats & oils, glycerol, soap, saponification , emulsion, emulsifier, micelle, hard water, cationic detergent, anionic detergent, non-ionic detergent, tallow, coconut oil, palm oil
					9.5.6 Solvay process, brine purification, hydrogen carbonate formation, formation of sodium carbonate, ammonia recovery, thermal pollution, tidal flushing